Publications
Advanced Frugal Innovation
Barnikol, J., Liefner, I. (2024): Serving society at large. Operationalization and evidence of (advanced) frugal innovation in industrialized economies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 204, 123444, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123444.
Barnikol, J. (2024): Green and competitive: who influences the development of advanced frugal product characteristics? Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2024.2319611.
Barnikol, J., Liefner, I. (2022): The prospects of advanced frugal innovations in different economies. Technology in Society, Volume 71, November 2022, 102081, DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102081.
Kroll, H., Liefner, I. (2021): User-Driven Innovation with Frugal Characteristics: A Multi-Case Analysis of Chinas’s Innovation-Driven Economy. Agarwal, N., Brem, A. (Eds.), Frugal Innovation and Its Implementation. Leveraging Constraints to Drive Innovations on a Global Scale, Springer International Publishing, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67119-8.
Liefner, I., Losacker, S., Rao, B.C. (2020): Scale up advanced frugal design principles. Nature Sustainability, Volume 3, Issue 10, DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-0585-7.
Frugal Engineering
Rao, B.C. (2024): Frugal Engineering: Advent, Design and Production of Frugal Products. Springer Singapore, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9700-8
Baruah, S. & Rao, B.C. (2024): A cutting tool architecture designed to adress the parasitic mechanisms consuming excess power during machining and manufacturing operations - A review-based study towards sustainable manufacturing. PLOS ONE, April 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300132
Rao, B.C. & Liefner, I. (2023): Frugal Engineering of Advanced Frugal Innovations for Global Sustainability Entrepreneurship. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 32, 69-88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09713557231201130.
Rao, B.C. (2021): Frugal manufacturing in smart factories for widespread sustainable development. Royal Society Open Science, Volume 8, Issue 12, DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210375.
Rao, B.C. (2020): On complex systems of adaptive frugal products. Royal Society Open Science, Volume 7, Issue 7, DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192057rsos192057.
Rao, B.C. (2019): The science underlying frugal innovation should not be frugal. Royal Society Open Science, Volume 6, Issue 5, DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180421.
Rao, B.C. (2018): Science is Indispensable to Frugal Innovations. Technology Innovation Management Review, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 49-56, DOI: 10.22215/timreview/
Rao, B.C. (2017): Revissiting classical desin in engineering from a perspective of frugality. Heliyon, Volume 3, Issue 5, e00299, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00299.
Rao, B.C. (2017): Advances in Science and Technology Through Frugality. IEEE Engineering Management Review, Volume 45, Issue 1, Pages 32-38, DOI: 10.1109/EMR.2017.2667219.
Rao, B.C. (2014): Alleviation Poverty in the Twenty-First Century Through Frugal Innovation. Challenge, Volume 57, Issue 3, Pages 40-59, DOI: 10.2753/0577-5132570302.
Rao, B.C. (2013): How disruptiv is frugal? Technology in Society, Volume 35, Issue 1, Pages 65-73, DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.03.003.